This dataset is the atmospherically corrected surface reflectance from the Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS sensors. This is for instructional purposes, so I hope to use the Analysis-Ready Data products (surface and TOA reflectance), which have already been atmosphere- … This leads to the assumption that there are some saturated pixels. (2009) for details on the TOA computation. Landsat 8 Collection 1 Tier 1 calibrated top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance. Simply apply the steps in the following paragraph to convert to Landsat 8 DOS or COST Method surface reflectance (Landsat 8 DOS Method and Landsat 8 COST Method were published by GIS Ag Maps at www.gisagmaps.com on 9/5/2013 and are based on the DOS method from Chavez [1988] and COST method from Chavez [1996]). The internet is full of various contradictory advice on corrections one can make to get NDVI computed from Landsat 8 to fall between -1 and 1. Reflectance DN # of Pixels Reflectance DN # of Pixels Band ... For Landsat 8 images, the DN value of 65535 is the maximum possible value, and there are a lot of pixels with DN=65535 that are clustered in the Dominica image (See images below). In addition, for each collection that contains T1 or T2 images, TOA (top-of-atmosphere reflectance) and SR (surface reflectance) products are offered. Calibration coefficients are extracted from the image metadata. The following table describes the collection ID for TOA and SR collections using Landsat 8 data as an example. These images contain 5 visible and near-infrared (VNIR) bands and 2 short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands processed to orthorectified surface reflectance, and two thermal infrared (TIR) bands processed to orthorectified brightness temperature . This could be a multispectral image representing bands 1 to 7, a single band Panchromatic image (band 8), a single band Cirrus image (band 9) or a combination thereof (including individual band files). Landsat 8 MSI: Select the input Landsat 8 image to be converted to reflectance. See Chander et al. Landsat 5: Radiance/Reflectance Calculation Comparison Contrary to expectations, NASA does include solar angle in its reflectance calculations. However, there are small differences between ENVI calibrated values and manually calculated values for both radiance and reflectance. It should not be the Thermal bands (Bands 10 and 11) or the QA band. This information is a bit buried but, if you read the USGS Landsat Surface Reflectance-derived Spectral Indices product guide and the associate processing software guide, you can ascertain that reflectance values are scaled to 16-bit, which is consistent with your observed data range.